Unit 3: The Industrialization Age
Topic 1: Industrialization
Topic 1: Industrialization
LESSON 3
~ REASON 1 FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWTH ~
NATURAL RESOURCES
FOCUS ACTIVITY
Lesson Mission
DIRECTIONS: Remember, the Lesson Mission is what you, the student, will be able to do after the lesson is over. Begin today's Lesson Chronicles Entry by heading your paper with your name and the date and the Lesson Title. Write down today's essential question. Answering the essential question at the end of the lesson is your Lesson Mission!
Essential Question(s):
How did natural resources help industries grow and spread during American Industrialization?
How did natural resources help industries grow and spread during American Industrialization?
Set up your Lesson Chronicles for today like the example below.
TEACHER ACTIVITY
Pre - Reading - Making a Skeleton Outline
DIRECTIONS: Remember, accomplishing your lesson mission is your purpose for reading. To accomplish your mission, you must be able to answer the essential question(s). We will continue to work on answering essential questions by identifying information from key text structures to make a skeleton outline of the text.
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Recall the Key Text Structures in Non-Fiction Text:
1. Headers 2. Sub-headers 3. Bolded Words 4. Italicized Words 5. Pictures & Captions 6. Boxed off Information 7. Charts and Graphs 8. Maps |
Create a Skeleton Outline:
1. Column 1: Headers and Sub-headers 2. Column 2: Main Idea 3. Column 3: Bolded words with definitions and descriptions 4. Bottom Row: Text References - These are your own personal thoughts about the reading! |
Set up the Skeleton Outline for today like the example below.
WHOLE GROUP ACTIVITY
Guided Reading
DIRECTIONS: Now that you have a purpose for reading, and you have identified the key elements of the reading, we will take turns reading the passage below as a class.
As you read, if a certain part of the reading makes you think of a text to text, text to self, or text to world connection, write it in the bottom row.
Recall the text to text, text to self, and text to world strategy:
As you read, if a certain part of the reading makes you think of a text to text, text to self, or text to world connection, write it in the bottom row.
Recall the text to text, text to self, and text to world strategy:
- Text to text references: When a certain word, phrase, or sentence reminds you of something else that you have read.
- Text to self references: When a certain word, phrase, or sentence reminds you of something about your own life.
- Text to world references: When a certain word, phrase, or sentence reminds you of a world issue or event.
~ NATURAL RESOURCES GROW INDUSTRIES ~
There were many reasons that industries in the United States grew rapidly, but five things contributed to industrial growth more than anything else. The United States had access to raw materials and energy; a large workforce; a think tank of inventors and innovators; railroad development; and the financial resources to fund industrial growth and expansion. In the next five lessons, we will learn about each of the five major contributors to the growth and expansion of industry in the United States.
NATURAL RESOURCES
After the Civil War, the United States was still a young nation. It had an abundance of land and this land had a wealth of natural resources. Natural Resources are things that are found in nature that are valuable to humans. Natural Resources led to industrialization because natural resources provided the raw materials used to build machines and factories, as well as the raw materials to manufacture goods.
RAW MATERIALS
TREE INDUSTRIES
Trees were the first valuable resource in U.S. industrialization. Many industries developed because of trees and many industries were built using trees. An industry is made up of all the companies or factories that make a type of product. Trees were used to build ships, factories, homes, and furniture. They were also used to grow and harvest fruit and to produce paper and paper products. Several industries developed because of the abundance of trees found in the U.S.
The Logging Industry Logging involves cutting down trees in natural forests
One of these industries was the logging industry. The logging industry is any company that cuts down trees found naturally in the environment. Logging companies built camps and brought in work crews to cut down trees in forests. Most of the cutting was done in the winter when it was easier to move the logs to water. After the spring melt, the logs were either floated down rivers and across lakes to saw mills or transported by railroads.
The Lumber Industry A saw mill cutting logs into lumber
Trees were processed into lumber in saw mills. Lumber refers to processed trees, in which the bark of the tree is removed and the tree is cut into boards so that it can be used to build things. The lumber was even used to build the saw mills where the lumber was processed. Processing trees into lumber was part of the lumber industry. The lumber industry involves any saw mill that processes trees into lumber or any company that sells lumber.
The Paper Industry This is a postcard of a paper mill in Maine in 1906
The paper industry was another industry that resulted from America's trees. The paper industry is any mill or factory that makes paper or paper products from wood or any company that sells paper or paper products. Before the 1850s, most paper was made using rags. The rags were old clothing usually made from hemp, linen, and cotton. In the 1840s, inventors found a new process using chemicals to make paper from wood. New paper mills began to open near forests. Many of these paper mills were in New England.
The Timber Industry Gifford Pinchot
As more and more trees were cut down, people felt the need to conserve and renew America's trees. No man believed more firmly in this than Gifford Pinchot. Pinchot was a forester before forestry was even a job. He realized that industry was necessary but felt that taking our natural resources should be done responsibly. Pinchot created a new industry called the timber industry. Timber is any type of tree that has been purposely planted and grown to harvest for wood. The timber industry is any company involved in harvesting trees or planting trees for harvesting.
MINERALS AND THE MINING INDUSTRY
 Mining was dangerous work. Dynamite was used to blast tunnels. Men had to crawl into small, tight spaces. Many times the roof of the mines would collapse on the workers.
As more factories popped up and new inventions helped improve industries, minerals began to play a large part in industrialization. America had a plethora of mineral resources which directly led to the mining industry. A mineral is any solid substance formed naturally under the ground. So, the mining industry is made up of all the companies and mills that dig mines, refine minerals, and sell refined minerals products.
Though many individuals went West for the Gold and Silver Rushes, companies mainly focused on minerals that were needed in production. Some of these minerals were coal, zinc, copper, limestone, and iron ore. Coal, iron ore, and limestone were the three most important minerals during U.S. Industrialization.
Coal Mining coal
Coal was used to produce heat and electricity that heated and lit factories. Coal was burned to run power steam engines and machines used in refining and processing other minerals. Coal was also used to power steam engine trains that were important in transporting people, raw materials, and finished goods all over the country.
Iron Ore Mining iron ore
Iron ore was the first metal used in building railcars and railroads, but it really gained importance when a man named Henry Bessemer invented a process for converting iron into steel that he called the Bessemer Process. The Bessemer Process converted iron to steel by blowing oxygen on white, hot, molten iron. Steel was preferred in the construction business because it was lighter, stronger, more durable, and did not rust as quickly as iron did. Though steel was used instead of iron, the iron ore industry skyrocketed because iron ore was needed to produce steel.
Limestone Mining limestone
Limestone was another one of the most important minerals in U.S. industrialization. It was used to make cement for constructing homes, buildings, sidewalks, bridges, and skyscrapers. It was also used to produce glass used for windows and building decor.
National Infrastructure Tunnels and bridges were two forms of infrastructure made using limestone and helped companies transport their products to more places.
Minerals provided the literal building blocks of industry. With these materials, Americans not only had items to produce for sale, but they also had raw materials to construct machines for faster and cheaper production; building materials to construct factories; and infrastructure materials to build cities. Infrastructure is the basic equipment and structures such as tunnels, roads, and bridges that are needed for a country or region to function properly.
ENERGY Natural resources were used to build industries, make products, and produce energy.
Natural resources were the literal building blocks of U.S. Industrialization. They played a huge part in building industries and making products, but natural resources played a much more important role in fueling industrialization.
Some natural resources provided the energy that ran industries. These natural resources were energy resources. Energy resources are any natural resources that are used up or consumed in creating power. Water and trees were the first major energy resources used in industrialization. If you will recall, waterwheels powered the first mills of the Industrial Revolution. Steam and Fire A wood burning stove
Eventually, people learned to use water in a different way to produce power. They learned to harness steam power using steam engines. Remember, the steam engine was created by Thomas Newcomen and improved by James Watt. The steam engine worked when a fire boiled water and produced steam. For the steam engine to work, another valuable energy resource had to be used. Trees were that resource. The trees were cut into wood and burned to heat the water in the steam engine. Wood was not only used in fueling the steam engine. It was also burned for heat, cooking, melting things, and for light.
Coal A man shovels coal into a steam engine
Coal soon replaced wood as an energy resource. During the first half of the 1800s, steamships and steam-powered railroads were becoming the chief forms of transportation, and they used coal to fuel their boilers. In the second half of the 1800s, more uses for coal were found. During the Civil War, weapons factories were beginning to use coal. By 1875, coal was the primary fuel for iron blast furnaces to make steel. By the 1880s coal was beginning to be used to generate electricity for homes and factories. Long after homes were being lighted by electricity produced by coal, many of them continued to have furnaces for heating and some had stoves for cooking that were fueled by coal.
Natural Gas |
TOOLBOX
Industrial Revolution: the time period in history during the 1700s and 1800s when there was so much industrialization going on
Samuel Slater: the man who stole the textile factory method from Great Britain and brought it to America factory: a building or group of buildings where products are made industrialize/industrialization: 1.) the process of using power-driven machinery to manufacture goods. 2.) the process by which a country moves from being a society that makes its money mainly by farming to a society that makes its money mainly by manufacturing goods and services agricultural: having to do with faming and raising livestock natural resources: things that are found in nature and are valuable to humans manufacture: the process of making products especially with machines in factories construction: the process of building something production: the process of making or growing something for sale or use raw materials are the basic materials used to build something or make a product for people to use industry: all the companies or factories that make a type of product. logging industry: any company that cuts down trees found naturally in the environment lumber: processed trees, in which the bark of the tree is removed and the tree is cut into boards so that it can be used to build things saw mill: a building where trees are processed into lumber lumber industry: any saw mill that processes trees into lumber or any company that sells lumber. paper industry is any mill or factory that makes paper or paper products from wood or any company that sells paper or paper products. rags: old clothing made from hemp, linen, and cotton used to make paper for the 1850s paper mills: mills that made paper from wood pulp conserve: the careful use of natural resources (such as trees, oil, etc.) to prevent them from being lost or wasted Gifford Pinchot: a forester who believed in using natural resources responsibly so he started the timber industry timber: any type of tree that has been purposely planted and grown to harvest for wood timber industry: any company involved in harvesting trees or planting trees for harvesting plethora: a very large amount or number that is an amount much greater than what is necessary mineral: any solid substance formed naturally under the ground mining industry: all the companies and mills that dig mines, refine minerals, and sell refined minerals products. Coal: one of the most important minerals in U.S. industrialization used to produce energy and heat and eventually burned to generate electricity refining: the process of removing unwanted materials or impurities from a substance Iron ore: one of the most important minerals in U.S. industrialization used as the main construction metal for the railroads until people learned how to make steel out of iron ore Henry Bessemer: invented the Bessemer Process for converting iron into steel Bessemer Process: a process that converted iron to steel by blowing oxygen on white, hot, molten iron Steel: a metal alloy created using iron ore that became the preferred metal in construction because it was lighter, stronger, more durable than iron, and did not rust as quickly as iron Limestone: one of the most important minerals in U.S. industrialization used to make cement for constructing homes, buildings, sidewalks, bridges, and skyscrapers and glass used for windows and building decor Infrastructure: the basic equipment and structures such as tunnels, roads, and bridges that are needed for a country or region to function properly. energy resources: any natural resources that are used up or consumed in creating power harness: to control or use something for a particular purpose steam engine: an engine that produced power using steam that was fueled by wood or coal and provided the first reliable source of power during industrialization Thomas Newcomen: inventor of the first true steam engine in 1712 James Watt: improved Newcomen's steam engine and invented the rotary steam engine manufacturing: the process of making products especially with machines in factories William Hart: considered the "father of natural gas" because he dug the first to harness natural gas and form a natural gas company natural gas industry: any company involved in the drilling, refining, or selling of natural gas Edwin L. Drake: was the first to strike oil at its source outside the town of Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859 oil industry: any company involved in the drilling, refining, or selling of oil Spindletop: one of the largest and most important oil strikes in history that led Texas to become the leader in U.S. oil production internal combustion engine: a type of engine that is used for most vehicles in which the fuel is burned within engine cylinders Benjamin Franklin: first American to begin experimenting with harnessing electricity as a power source Thomas Edison: inventor and innovator who was the first to manufacture light bulbs and invent the electric lighting system innovation: a new idea, method, or process or an improvement to something already invented patent: legal papers that give an inventor all the rights to produce and sell their invention effective: producing the result that is wanted efficient: capable of producing desired results without wasting materials, time, or energy secondary energy source: energy that is converted from primary sources to store, move, and deliver energy in an easy to use form primary energy source: energy created directly from a natural resource hydroelectricity: electricity converted using water as the primary energy source world power: a country that is powerful enough to affect the entire world by its influence or actions |
A light powered by natural gas
Natural gas was another one of America's natural energy resources. Like wood and coal is burned to produce energy for heat, light, cooking, and running machinery. In 1821, William Hart dug the first natural gas well outside the town of Fredonia, New York. Hart then formed the nation's first natural gas company, Fredonia Gas Light Company, in 1858. William Hart is considered the "father of natural gas" in the United States. When Hart's gas light company led many other places to dig natural gas wells and build pipelines, the natural gas industry was born. Soon, many factories began using natural gas to power their machines and light their factories so that factory work could continue even after dark.
Oil
Spindletop
On August, 27, 1859, Edwin L. Drake was drilling a well and struck oil outside the town of Titusville, Pennsylvania. It was the first time oil was found at its source. It was not long before oil wells popped up all over Pennsylvania. In 1901, Texas became the leader in the American oil industry when one of the largest and most important oil strikes in history occurred on a mound called Spindletop. Oil was only used for lighting kerosene lamps at first, but the invention of the internal combustion engine in automobiles and airplanes increased the need for oil. Though oil was not an important energy resource until the internal combustion engine, it became one of the most needed energy resources after it.
Electricity
Thomas Edison's electric lamp
In the mid 1700s, Benjamin Franklin performed many experiments with electricity. Many men worked to turn electricity into a power source. These men paved the way for Thomas Edison, an inventor and innovator who would change the lives of Americans and the world forever. Thomas Edison did invent many things but a good many of his successes were actually innovations. One of these innovations was the electric light. Many people give credit to Thomas Edison for inventing the electric light, but in reality, he simply innovated it. He made it better by making changes to it.
One of Edison's electric power stations
Edison was also able to make his light bulb inexpensively by manufacturing it. It was the fact that Edison was able to make large amounts of light bulbs, quickly, and inexpensively that was the true innovation because it led to Edison's greatest accomplishment, electric lighting system! Edison was able to create electric lighting for whole towns by using light bulbs, electricity generators, wires to get the electricity from the power station to the homes, plugs for lamps, wall sockets, switches for the light bulbs, and many other things. Edison’s first electric lighting infrastructure was the Pearl Street Station in New York City’s financial district. It sent electricity to lights in 25 buildings on September 4, 1882.
Thomas Edison
During his life he patented 1,093 inventions. Edison created the first research and development lab in the world in Menlo Park, New Jersey. He called this lab the "invention factory." His inventions earned him the nickname "The Wizard of Menlo Park." His inventions, many powered by electricity, improved industries and allowed for more effective and efficient production. Electricity not only became the most important energy resource in powering industrialization, it also changed everyday life for people all over the world.
Harnessing Electricity
A diagram showing how hydroelectricity is produced
Electricity is a secondary source of energy. A secondary energy source is energy that is converted from primary sources. They are used to store, move, and deliver energy in an easy to use form. So, electricity is produced by converting a primary energy source. A primary energy source is energy created directly from the actual resource. Coal was the primary energy resource used to produce electricity but wood, oil, and natural gas were also used. After the Civil War, hydroelectricity was introduced for the first time. Hydroelectricity is electricity converted using water as the primary energy source. Solar power, wind power, and nuclear power all developed in the twentieth century. Natural resources and the knowledge to convert resources to energy helped the United States to fly through industrialization and gain status as a world power.
SMALL GROUP ACTIVITY
Industrialization Jeopardy!
In this activity, your group will play Industrialization Jeopardy. Each small group will be a team playing against other small groups to win the game. It is played almost like the real Jeopardy. We will draw numbers to see which team opens the board. The number 1 player from each team will come to the buzzer. I will ask the question under the category and points amount that the selecting team chooses. The first team to press the buzzer will have 15 seconds to answer the question. If the team is correct, they gain the number of points that the question is worth and will choose the next category. If they are incorrect, they lose the points and another team may answer. If no team answers correctly, the team that answered the last question correctly will make the next game board choice. You will go through 2 game boards and final jeopardy. In final Jeopardy, I give you a category of what the question will be about. The teams all wager points on how well they believe they will answer the question. After the wager, I ask the question and each team has 30 seconds to answer the final question and turn it in. When all answers are in, I will read the answer and add and subtract points from each team according to their wager. The team with the highest points at the end of the game is the winner. I will move your trophies above each winning teams table.
Any questions?
Any questions?
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INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Answering the Essential Question
A Lesson Chronicles Activity is an individual activity where you prove that you accomplished the lesson mission. Lesson Chronicles require you to keep a notebook or journal with a table of contents. Each entry should be dated. First, you write the lesson mission. Then you prove you "can do" whatever the mission says by answering the essential question of the lesson in PQA format. Remember PQA format means "Put the Question in the Answer".
DIRECTIONS: Work by yourself to prove you have completed today's mission successfully by answering the essential question for today. Answer the question on the first page of your Lesson Chronicles under your Lesson Mission. Refer to the example below. The example shows you what all you are expected to have for your portfolio check on this lesson.
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HOMEWORK
Finish the Lesson and Family Time
Remember, you have homework every night in Social Studies. Your homework is to show your Lesson Chronicles to your family and tell them what you learned today. Not only will this give you quality time with your family but it will help you review for your unit test. Go over your lesson chronicles entry from today everyday to help you study for the Topic Quiz and Unit Test.
If you did not complete any assignments from today, they are homework. You never know when I am going to check portfolios, so make sure you are keeping up!
If you did not complete any assignments from today, they are homework. You never know when I am going to check portfolios, so make sure you are keeping up!
END OF THE UNIT 3 LESSON 3 MODULE
Congratulations! You have Completed the Unit 3 Lesson 3 Module!
If you'd like to learn more about natural resources and energy and how they impacted U.S. Industrialization, click on the icon below Scholastic Energy, Light and Sound Interactives. You may do any of the inter actives on the page, but you must use your headphones. You may do these at home as well!
If you'd like to learn more about natural resources and energy and how they impacted U.S. Industrialization, click on the icon below Scholastic Energy, Light and Sound Interactives. You may do any of the inter actives on the page, but you must use your headphones. You may do these at home as well!
