Unit 3: The Industrialization Age
Topic 1: Industrialization
Topic 1: Industrialization
LESSON 1:
ACROSS THE POND
FOCUS ACTIVITY
Lesson Mission
DIRECTIONS: Remember, the Lesson Mission is what you, the student, will be able to do after the lesson is over. Begin today's Lesson Chronicles Entry by heading your paper with your name and the date and the Lesson Title. Write down today's essential question. Answering the essential question at the end of the lesson is your Lesson Mission!
Essential Question(s):
What was the Industrial Revolution and how did it begin?
Set up your Lesson Chronicles for today like the example below.
TEACHING ACTIVITY
Pre-Reading - Making a Skeleton Outline
DIRECTIONS: Remember, accomplishing your lesson mission is your purpose for reading. To accomplish your mission, you must be able to answer the essential question(s). We will continue to work on answering essential questions by identifying information from key text structures to make a skeleton outline of the text.
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Recall the Key Text Structures in Non-Fiction Text:
1. Headers 2. Sub-headers 3. Bolded Words 4. Italicized Words 5. Pictures & Captions 6. Boxed off Information 7. Charts and Graphs 8. Maps |
Create a Skeleton Outline:
1. Column 1: Headers and Sub-headers 2. Column 2: Main Idea 3. Column 3: Bolded words with definitions and descriptions 4. Bottom Row: Text References - These are your own personal thoughts about the reading! |
Set up the Skeleton Outline for today like the example below.
WHOLE GROUP ACTIVITY
Guided Reading
DIRECTIONS: Now that you have a purpose for reading, and you have identified the key elements of the reading, we will take turns reading the passage below as a class.
As you read, if a certain part of the reading makes you think of a text to text, text to self, or text to world connection, write it in the bottom row.
Recall the text to text, text to self, and text to world strategy:
As you read, if a certain part of the reading makes you think of a text to text, text to self, or text to world connection, write it in the bottom row.
Recall the text to text, text to self, and text to world strategy:
- Text to text references: When a certain word, phrase, or sentence reminds you of something else that you have read.
- Text to self references: When a certain word, phrase, or sentence reminds you of something about your own life.
- Text to world references: When a certain word, phrase, or sentence reminds you of a world issue or event.
ACROSS THE POND
 Across the Pond = The Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain and the United States
When people use the phrase, Across the Pond, they are referring to the Atlantic Ocean. It is used by Americans to refer to Great Britain and by the British to refer to Americans. Industrialization began with the Industrial Revolution and the Industrial Revolution began Across the Pond - in Great Britain, in the mid 1700s.
WHY BRITAIN? Map of Great Britain
The Industrial Revolution is one of the most important events in human history. It changed people’s lives in every part of the world, affected the fortunes of nations, and dramatically altered the planet itself. This revolution began in England in the mid-1700s because of the unique set of circumstances which existed in that country. It was spurred by several inventions which made it possible to produce cloth cheaply. The revolution was fed by the power of Great Britain which was one of the dominant powers in the world and had huge markets in its colonies. In addition, Britain had ample supplies of coal and iron but little useable farm land.
HOMEGROWN AND HOMEMADE A Spinning Wheel
Before the Industrial Revolution, most families in Great Britain lived on farms, which were usually owned by large landowners. People made their own clothes and grew their own food. Women spun thread on a simple spinning wheel and then made homespun clothes from wool gotten by shearing their own sheep. It was a long and exhausting process.
Most people had few clothes other than what they were actually wearing. Washing clothes was rarely done because the cloth would tear up quickly—both from being washed and from being allowed to get so sweaty, oily, and filthy in daily wear. People grew what they ate or traded food for other necessities. Money was scarce, and there were few opportunities to earn it. THE COTTAGE INDUSTRY A woman spinning thread in her home. This shows the everyday life of homes involved in the Cottage Industry.
The Industrial Revolution began as a revolutionary way of making clothes. Businessmen in England in the mid-1700s began to buy wool and other materials and source it out to women who worked in their homes to spin the thread, make cloth, and then sew clothes. Because the work was done at home, it became known as a cottage industry. Family members helped. This provided extra money for the family, and businessmen did not need to have a factory. This system gradually changed as better machines for making cloth were developed, which created the textile industry and brought about the Industrial Revolution.
BETTER SPINNING MACHINES The Spinning Jenny
The spinning wheel had existed for centuries. It was a simple, foot-powered instrument which produced one thread at a time. Many efforts were made to improve this tool, but most were unsuccessful. The invention of the flying shuttle in 1733 by a mechanic named John Kay allowed weavers to create much more cloth than they had been able to before. Then in the late 1760s, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny which could spin eight threads at a time instead of just one.
Richard Arkwright then invented a spinning frame which made even more threads but was too large to keep in a home. He built a factory to house the horse-powered machine and hired people to work in the factory. In 1785 Edmund Cartwright invented a water- powered loom which greatly increased the speed of weaving. It too required a factory. STEAM POWERED ENGINES |
TOOLBOX
Across the Pond: across the Atlantic ocean between the United States and Great Britain
industrialization: 1.) the process of using power-driven machinery to manufacture goods. 2.) the process by which a country moves from being a society that makes its money mainly by farming to a society that makes its money mainly by manufacturing goods and services Industrial Revolution: the time period in history during the 1700s and 1800s when there was so much industrialization going on England: the largest and most populated portion of Great Britain spinning wheel: a machine that was used in the past for making yarn or thread revolutionary: something that causes great change very quickly cottage industry: when women began to produce clothes at home for businessmen textile industry: any business that makes fabrics or thread or that produces clothing or other products using fabric flying shuttle: a spinning machine invented by John Kay in 1733 that allowed weavers to create much more cloth than they had been able to before spinning jenny: a spinning machine invented by James Hargreaves in the late 1760s which could spin eight threads at a time instead of just one spinning frame: a large horse-powered spinning machine invented by Richard Arkwright that was the first to be housed in a factory Edmund Cartwright invented a large water- powered loom in 1785 which increased the speed of weaving and created the need to build factories to weave textiles steam engines: engines fueled by coal that provided the first reliable source of power during industrialization Thomas Newcomen: inventor of the first true steam engine in 1712 James Watt: improved Newcomen's steam engine and invented the rotary steam engine coal: essential resource in providing the power to make a steam engine work and a vital resource in iron production iron: a heavy type of metal that is very common and is used to make steel and in many products factory: a building or group of buildings where products are made world power: a country that is powerful enough to affect the entire world by its influence or actions |
James Watt's Improved Steam Engine
The most significant invention of this period was the steam engine invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 and substantially improved by James Watt in the late 1770s. This engine did not require running water or horses to provide energy. Steam engines could be built and installed in factories almost anywhere. The development of steam engines led to major improvements in making machinery tools, which in turn led to these tools being used to create new and better versions of engines and many other machines.
COAL AND IRON
Coal
The two great resources of the Industrial Age were coal and iron. Coal was essential in providing the power to make a steam engine work. Massive amounts of coal were used to power these engines, and England had many available coal mines. Coal also became vital to the production of iron. Heating coal in an air-tight oven produces coke, and in 1713 an English iron maker used coke to make iron (instead of using hardwood from England’s nearly depleted forests). Further inventions made it easier to make iron as well as to make it stronger, simpler to work with, and easier to roll into the needed shapes.
ON TO AMERICA
Textile Mill
After beginning in England, the Industrial Revolution spread to France, Belgium, Germany, and other European countries. The United States—having newly gained its independence from England—became a perfect atmosphere for the spread of industrialization. Many of the northern states in the U.S. began to experience a spurt in the development of factories. From 1783 until 1860, factories spread throughout the United States. The Civil War and years that followed brought the United States to a position of world power, based on its industrial might.
SMALL GROUP ACTIVITY
Who Wants to be a Millionaire
In this activity, your group will play a game called Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. To play, you will work on one person's computer and you will answer each question working with your group. Make sure you are right. Then click on "Yes" when asked if this is your final answer. If you miss a question, you must start over and play again until your group gets all the questions correct. When you get them all correct, raise your hand and I will come and check your group off.
To get started, click on the INDUSTRIALIZATION REVOLUTION MILLIONAIRE picture icon above.
To get started, click on the INDUSTRIALIZATION REVOLUTION MILLIONAIRE picture icon above.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Answering the Essential Question
A Lesson Chronicles Activity is an individual activity where you prove that you accomplished the lesson mission. Lesson Chronicles require you to keep a notebook or journal with a table of contents. Each entry should be dated. First, you write the lesson mission. Then you prove you "can do" whatever the mission says by answering the essential question of the lesson in PQA format. Remember PQA format means "Put the Question in the Answer".
DIRECTIONS: Work by yourself to prove you have completed today's mission successfully by answering the essential question for today. Answer the question on the first page of your Lesson Chronicles under your Lesson Mission. Refer to the example below. The example shows you what all you are expected to have for your portfolio check on this lesson.
HOMEWORK
Finish the Lesson and Family Time
Remember, you have homework every night in Social Studies. Your homework is to show your Lesson Chronicles to your family and tell them what you learned today. Not only will this give you quality time with your family but it will help you review for your unit test. Go over your lesson chronicles entry from today everyday to help you study for the Topic Quiz and Unit Test.
If you did not complete any assignments from today, they are homework. You never know when I am going to check portfolios, so make sure you are keeping up!
If you did not complete any assignments from today, they are homework. You never know when I am going to check portfolios, so make sure you are keeping up!
END OF THE UNIT 3 LESSON 1 MODULE
Congratulations! You have Completed the Unit 3 Lesson 1 Module!
If you'd like to learn more about the Industrial Revolution, watch the video below from John Green's Crash Course to World History - the Industrial Revolution. If you finish early and watch these in class - you must use your headphones!
If you'd like to learn more about the Industrial Revolution, watch the video below from John Green's Crash Course to World History - the Industrial Revolution. If you finish early and watch these in class - you must use your headphones!