APRIL SMITH'S S.T.E.M. CLASS
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GLOSSARY MAIN PAGE

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The glossary page is ever evolving.  As we get to new topics and units, I will add new words to this list.  You can also look for words by unit, topic, and lesson by clicking on the links in the right column.  Glossaries past Topic 1 have not been completed so the link isn't activated.  You will know when the link is activated when units, topics, and lesson numbers are in dark blue.  If they are in gray, they have not been activated yet.

Words Listed Alphabetically

A
alloy:  metal made by combining two or more metallic elements; usually to give greater strength or to keep it from rusting

altruistic:  unselfishly concerned for or devoted to the welfare of others

anti-monopoly:  Any law or policy intended to oppose monopolies and other anti-competitive organizations or practices

apprentice: A person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a certain set time period at low wages.

architect:  a person who designs buildings and advises in their construction

architecture: the art or science of designing and building structures

artisans:  a person who is highly skilled at something

astride:  one leg on each side

auctioned: somethings sold at a sale to those who offer to pay the most

awry:  wrong or twisted


B
beacon:  a signal fire commonly on a hill, tower, or pole; a guiding or warning signal; or something that inspires

bellows:  A device with two handles used for blowing air at a fire

bends:  a illness sometimes experienced with deep sea divers caused by a great and fast decrease in pressure by nitrogen bubbles forming in the blood.  A person will have severe pain in the lungs and joints, and sometimes brain damage.

Bessemer Process:  when oxygen is blown on white, hot molten iron to produce steel

bobbin:  a reel, cylinder, or spool upon which yarn or thread is wound, as used in spinning and machine sewing

brazen:  made of brass

business charter:  establishes the life of a corporation. A charter contains information concerning the corporation's purpose, the structure of its shares of stock, and details about the internal organization


C
cantilevers:  either of two beams or structures that stick out from piers toward each other and when joined form a span in a bridge

capital:  wealth in the form of money, property, investment, etc... used or available for use in the production of more wealth

capitalism:  an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by the supply of private owners for profit and the demand of the consumer, rather than by the state.

carbon monoxide:  colorless, odorless, lethal gas, that easily catches fire; produced when fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and petroleum and carbon materials like wood are not completely burned up and the chemical changing process cannot be completed.

carbon:  a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6; forms more compounds than any other element; because of its willingness to bond to other nonmetallic elements it is often referred to as the building block of life; the 4th most common element in the Universe, 15th most common element in the Earth’s crust, and 2nd most common element in the human body; it has the highest melting point of all elements, 6332 °F

colossal:  huge statue

Colossus of Rhodes:  a 100 foot tall statue of the Greek god, Helios that before an earthquake destroyed it in 224 B.C.E. stood at the entrance to the Greek harbor of Rhodes; one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World

command economy: economy organized by the government - the government decides what will be produced and who will do the producing.  The state owns production.

commodity:  any useful thing that people buy or trade

communism:  a political and economic system in which the major productive resources in a society—such as mines, factories, and farms—are owned by the public or the state, and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.

competition: a rivalry between sellers where each seller tries to get sales, profit, and market shares by offering the best practicable combination of price, quality, and service.

compressed air:  air under pressure greater than that of the atmosphere

conceived:  to form an idea

confident:  sure of oneself; having no uncertainty about one's own abilities, correctness, successfulness

conscience:  the inner sense of what is right or wrong in one's conduct or motives, impelling one toward right action

continuity of existence:  a firm can live beyond the life spans and capacity of its owners, because its ownership can be transferred through a sale or gift of shares.

corporation:  a firm owned by stockholders that has three characteristics: legal existence, limited liability, and continuity of existence

corruption:  group of people using dishonest and sometimes illegal ways or practices

creditors: a person or business to which money is owed

crusading:  campaigning to get things changed for the better


D
debasing:  to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade

decipher:  to convert a text written in code, or a coded signal into normal language

democracy:  a form of government in which the supreme power is in the hands of the people and exercised directly by them or by people they elect to represent them

derricks: the framework over an oil well that holds the drilling machinery

dictatorship: form of government where a dictator (person who has absolute power), has absolute, unrestricted control in a government without being an heir (such as a prince or princess) to that power

dignified:  a look or way of behaving that suggests a person is respected, serious and has self-control; being worthy, honorable, or respected; looking or behaving in a serious way

distribute:  to deal out shares

duel:  a shoot-out between two people who have an unresolved argument in the presence of witnesses


E
economics:  The way a country manages its money and resources (such as workers and land) to produce, buy, and sell goods and services.

economist:  a person who studies or specializes in economics

efficient:  achieving the most possible with little waste, effort or expense

element:  a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means and is defined by the number of protons they have

engineer:  a designer or builder of engines or structures

engineering:  the science or profession of developing and using nature's power and resources in ways that are useful to people (as in designing and building roads, bridges, dams, or machines and in creating new products)

exasperated:  angry, annoyed, or irritated

exiled:  being forced to leave one's country or home


F
finance:  the branch of business that deals with how funds are raised, budgeted, and invested

financier:  a person who specializes in money and especially in the loaning of money to businesses

forge:  to make or shape a metal object by heating it in a fire or furnace and beating or hammering it

foundries:  a place that casts or molds liquid metal

frame: the materials and arrangement of those materials that give support to a building

free enterprise:  an economy where people can freely buy and trade goods and services. The price of each good or service is determined by demand or the measure of how many people want to buy a particular good or service (also known as a market economy or free market economy)

freedom:  the power to decide one’s actions; freedom refers to an individual’s ability to make decisions for himself or herself (The difference in freedom and liberty is that freedom refers to individuals and liberty refers to a society of people.  A good example is: freedom would be my right to take my neighbor’s property. Liberty would be his right to shoot me if I did.)


G
gangrene:  the death of soft tissues in a local area of the body due to loss of the blood supply

generations:  a group of individuals born and living at the same time

golden door policy:  the United States welcome policy to anyone who comes to our country and to embrace people of all colors, races, and religions

Gutenberg Bible: The edition of the Bible completed by Johannes Gutenberg in about 1455 in Mainz, Germany. It is the first complete book in the West and is also the earliest to be printed from movable type.  It is worth a lot of money today.


H
Helios:  the ancient Greek sun god

hybrid economy:  an economy that is a mixture of two or more different types of economies


I
icon:  a symbol or representation of something

idealism:  believing in ideals, goals, or standards of excellence

idealist:  a person who cherishes or pursues high or noble principles, purposes, goals; see things for what they could be instead of what they actually are.

idol:  an image used as an object of worship.

immensely:  impossible to measure; vast, huge, or very great

imposing: to take charge or to force one's own wants

innovation:  a new idea, method, or device

integrity: total honesty and sincerity

interest: money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt

internal combustion engine: an engine in which the fuel is ignited within the engine cylinder instead of in an external furnace

international: involving more than one nation or working with many nations outside of your own nation

iron:  a chemical element and metal with a chemical symbol of Fe and its atomic number is 26; it is the 4th most common element in the Earth’s crust, the 6th most common element in the universe, and makes up about 5% of the Earth’s crust

irrespective:  without regard to


J
Jim Crow Laws:  state laws that aimed to treat African Americans unfairly

justice:  the quality of being fair or just or the law


K
kickback:  a return of part of a payment because of secret agreement or bribe


L
landscape architect:  the art and practice of designing the outdoor environment

legal existence:   when a firm can (like a person) buy, sell, own, enter into a contract, and sue other persons and firms, and be sued by them. It can do good and be rewarded, and can commit offenses and be punished.

leisure:  freedom from work; relaxation or spending time doing activities you enjoy

liberty:  the power to act and express oneself according to one’s will; liberty refers to a society’s ability to make decisions for the society  (The difference in freedom and liberty is that freedom refers to individuals and liberty refers to a society of people.  A good example is: freedom would be my right to take my neighbor’s property. Liberty would be his right to shoot me if I did.)

limited liability: a firm and its owners are limited in their liability to the creditors  - only up to the resources of the firm, unless the owners give personal-guaranties.

lucrative:  profitable - after all expenses are paid, money is made


M
manganese: a chemical element of atomic number 25, a hard gray metal that is an component of special steels and magnetic alloys

market economy:   an economy where people can freely buy and trade goods and services. The price of each good or service is determined by demand or the measure of how many people want to buy a particular good or service (also known as a free enterprise or free market economy)

mentor:  a wise and faithful adviser or teacher

metaphor:  a symbol - something that represents something other than itself

methodical:  to be in the routine of do something in the same way every time very precisely

monarchy:  a nation ruled by a king, queen, prince, or princess

monopoly:   A situation in which a company is made by combining several smaller businesses and owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service (including the goods and services that are produced, the means in which the product is transported, and the way it is distributed) because there is no competition; usually the business is so large it has an effect on the economy or politics


N
negative: camera film in which the light and dark parts are approximately opposite to those of the thing or person photographed and the means by which non-digital photographs are made


O
oppressed: to control or rule in a harsh or cruel way


P
paradox:  a statement that seems to go against common sense but may still be true; a false statement that at first seems true; or a person or thing having qualities that seem to be opposites

partnership: A business organization in which two or more individuals manage and operate the business. Both owners are equally and personally liable for the debts from the business.

patent:  a right granted by a government to an inventor to be the only one to be allowed to manufacture, use, or sell an invention for a certain number of years.

patriotic: the characteristic of a person who loves his or her country

pauper:  a very poor person

pedestal:  the support or foot of a column or the base of something upright

pedestrians:  people who are walking

philanthropist:  a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, esp. by the generous donation of money to good causes.

pogroms: mob attacks on Jews in Russia that killed men, women, and children

politics:  beliefs on how the government should operate and efforts to make sure that those who share these beliefs are the ones in government power

pomp:  a show of magnificence - usually a ceremony

populists:  a political party (1891–1904), also called the People’s Party.  They wanted to end government corruption and the influence of the wealthy on government and help the farmer by lowering railroad rates, increasing taxes for businesses and the wealthy and decreasing taxes on land; and they wanted more money printed and circulating in the economy.

Power loom:  a water or electrical powered machine that weaves fabric

pragmatic:  practical

precedent:  a decision made to set an example for similar situations that might occur later; ex:  A 
precedent was set when the teacher sent the boy to the office for stealing. (The teacher showed the class what would happen to anyone who was caught stealing.  She set a precedent for stealing in her classroom.)

profitable:  when a business makes money after all operating expenses have been paid

progressivists:  person favoring or working for progress, change, improvement, or reform, as opposed to wishing to maintain things as they are

prominence: the state of being well known and respected

promontory:  a high point of land sticking out into the sea

prospector:  person who searches for mineral deposits in a place by mining and drilling

prosperity:  a time of good fortune; doing well, thriving, having money to get what you need and some things you want

public relations:  the business of creating public goodwill for a person, firm, or institution

pueblo:  an American Indian village of Arizona or New Mexico consisting of flat-roofed stone or adobe houses joined in groups sometimes several stories high


Q


R
realist:  a person who tends to view or represent things as they actually are

rebate: a partial refund, discount, deduction, or reduction on something purchased

refinery: a building and the equipment for preparing metals, oil, or sugar for people to use

reformers:  people who work to fix corruption or change things for the better

refuse:  unaccepted

regulation:  a rule or law designed to control the conduct of businesses

Republic:  form of government where the citizens themselves hold power and usually elect officials to represent them

rust:  when iron and oxygen react in the presence of water or moisture; also called iron oxide


S
satire:  something meant to make fun of and show the weaknesses of human nature or a particular person

scandalous:  harmful to one's reputation

selflessness:  the opposite of selfishness; giving without regard for oneself

socialism: political and economic system in which most property and resources are owned or controlled by the public or the state but usually has a democracy as its form of government

solemn:  having a serious appearance or behavior

solitaire:  a card game played by one person alone

sonnet:  a poem of 14 lines usually rhyming by a fixed scheme

steel:  a well known and commonly used alloy made from iron and a small amount of carbon, though the amount of carbon is very small, it makes a huge difference to the strength

stock market:  a place where stocks (or parts of a company) are bought and sold.  The most famous is the Wall Street Stock Exchange in New York.

stock market:  a place where stocks, or part-ownerships in companies, are bought and sold.  The famous New York Stock Exchange is the biggest stock market in this country.

stock:  a certificate of partial ownership in a company.  Stocks are sold by companies to raise money. When a person buys stock in a company, he or she owns a tiny part of that company. When a company is doing well by selling a lot of goods or services and making a lot of money, the value of the company and the price of the company's stock goes up.  Then, a stockholder can sell his or stock and make a profit.

stockholder: a person who owns stock in a company and shares in profits and losses generated by it.

sulfur:  A pale-yellow, brittle nonmetallic element that occurs widely in nature, especially in volcanic deposits, minerals, natural gas, and petroleum; used to make gunpowder and fertilizer; has an atomic number 16

suspension bridge:  a bridge that has its roadway hanging from two or more cables usually passing over towers and strongly anchored at the ends


T
tariff:  A tax placed on products imported from another nation; tariffs raise money for the governments that impose them, tariffs may also be used to protect a nation's own industries

teeming:  to become filled

telegraph:  a system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire by creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection

tempest-tost:  pounded or hit repeatedly by storms or problems or bad luck

Texas asphalt:  a thick, paste like form of petroleum

tolerant: showing sympathy for or acceptance of feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from one's own

traditional economy:  a system where traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and products the society creates; most of these are rural or farm-based; characterized by bartering and trading and little to no excess production of goods

trust:  is a legal arrangement that allows many different companies to be owned and run by the same people.

trust company:   a corporation (such as a bank) organized to act as a trustee

trustee:  person, organization, or corporation who has been given responsibility for someone else's property

tycoons:  a businessperson of great wealth and power


U
union:  an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer and protect the rights and advance the interests of its members concerning wages, benefits, and working conditions

unscrupulous:  without rules or ideals; dishonest


V
versatile: being capable of many uses


W
wretched:  very miserable or unhappy


XYZ
yacht:  a small usually privately owned ship used for pleasure cruising or racing

yearning:  to want very badly

Unit Glossaries

Glossary links will be updated as we get to them.  If the link is dark blue it is activated.  If if is gray, that glossary page is not ready yet.
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  • HOME
  • STEM LABS
    • KINDERGARTEN STEM LABS
    • 1st GRADE STEM LABS
    • 2nd GRADE STEM LABS
    • 3rd GRADE STEM LABS
    • 4th GRADE STEM LABS
    • 5th GRADE STEM LABS
  • DATA BASES
    • DEBATE TOPICS DATABASE
    • AMERICAN BIOGRAPHIES
    • AMERICAN REVOLUTION
    • NON-FICTION RESEARCH
    • Animals
    • BIOMES
    • Native American Portal
    • NATIONAL PARKS
    • ALABAMA OUTDOORS
  • PARENT RESOURCES
    • LOGGING K - 1st INTO SCHOOLOGY
    • LOGGING 2nd - 5th GRADERS INTO SCHOOLOGY
    • HOW TO TAKE PICTURES ON A CHROMEBOOK
    • HOW TO HAND IN ASSIGNMENTS
  • CONTACT ME
  • U.S. History Teachers
    • HISTORY RESOURCES
  • NEXT TOP FIRM
    • LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE NEXT TOP FIRM
    • LESSON 2: UNDERSTANDING CLIENTS' WANTS & NEEDS
    • LESSON 3: INTERVIEWING YOUR CLIENT
    • LESSON 4: MARKETING PLAN
    • LESSON 5: DESIGNING A LOGO
    • LESSON 6: BRAND RECOGNITION
    • LESSON 6: BRAND RECOGNITION
  • FUN LAB
  • STEM CHOICE BOARD
  • THE NEW JEDI ORDER
  • ACAP